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Formula library

Guides for better decisions

Understand what each metric means, how formulas connect, and where a clean-looking answer can mislead.

6 min read

Margin vs. Markup: Formulas, Differences, and Pricing Examples

Understand the difference between profit margin and markup, convert between them, and avoid common pricing mistakes.

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6 min read

ROI vs. ROAS: How to Measure Marketing Returns Correctly

Learn when to use ROI or ROAS, what each metric includes, and how margin changes the break-even return on ad spend.

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7 min read

Customer Acquisition Cost: A Practical CAC Measurement Guide

Build a consistent CAC calculation, understand blended and channel CAC, and connect acquisition cost to lifetime value and payback.

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8 min read

SaaS Metrics Guide: MRR, ARR, Churn, NRR, and Rule of 40

Understand the core SaaS metrics, how they connect, and the definition choices that make recurring-revenue reporting reliable.

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7 min read

Break-Even Analysis: Formula, Contribution Margin, and Scenarios

Learn how to calculate break-even units, classify fixed and variable costs, and test price, volume, and cost scenarios.

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8 min read

Digital Advertising Metrics: CPM, CPC, CTR, CPA, and ROAS

See how the main paid-media metrics connect from impressions to clicks, acquisitions, revenue, and profit.

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7 min read

Freelance Pricing Guide: Hourly, Project, and Retainer Rates

Set sustainable freelance rates using billable capacity, project risk, effective hourly earnings, and retainer terms.

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6 min read

Compound vs. Simple Interest: Formulas and Worked Examples

Compare simple and compound interest, understand compounding frequency, and choose the right formula for a loan or savings projection.

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